69色情片ers at the University of Bath investigating how virtual reality (VR) can help improve balance believe this technology could be a valuable tool in the prevention of falls.
As people grow older, losing balance and falling becomes more common, which increases the risk of injury and affects the person鈥檚 independence.
Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injuries in over 65-yearolds and account for over 4 million bed days per year in England alone, at an estimated cost of 拢2 billion.
Humans use three ways of keeping their balance: vision, proprioceptive (physical feedback from muscles and joints) and vestibular system (feedback from semi-circular canals in the ear). Of these, vision is the most important.
Traditional ways of assessing balance include patient surveys and physical tests such as using a treadmill or testing agility when performing specific movements or exercises.
However, the accuracy of these tests can be affected by age, sex and motivation, and the movements measured aren鈥檛 necessarily reflective of real-life scenarios.
Therefore, several research studies have explored the use of VR to help assess balance and even help train users to improve their balance.
Dr Pooya Soltani, from the University of Bath, and Renato Andrade, from Cl铆nica do Drag茫o, - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto (Portugal), reviewed data from 19 separate studies to investigate the validity, reliability, safety, feasibility and efficacy of using head-mounted display systems for assessing and training balance in older adults.
Their results, published in the scientific journal , found that VR was effective in assessing balance and could be useful for fall prevention and for improving postural control and gait patterns.
They found these systems also have the capacity to differentiate healthy and balance-impaired individuals.
Dr Soltani, Studio Engineer at , the University of Bath鈥檚 motion capture research centre, said: 鈥淭raditional tests for measuring balance can be inaccurate and sometimes unsafe 鈥� for example if the patient is on a treadmill that stops suddenly.
鈥淚t may also be difficult to replicate real life situations in a lab. But using VR opens up a huge range of possible scenarios that are more natural and relevant to the real world.
鈥淔or example, patients could be asked to cross a busy street and these scenes can be adapted easily to help them gradually improve their balance and build up confidence in their movement.
鈥淎lternatively, VR could be used more like a video game where patients navigate virtually through a maze whilst doing additional cognitive tasks, like solving mathematical problems.
鈥淰R gives us the flexibility to add disorientating effects or resize and remove elements, to test how well participants maintain their balance.鈥�
The researchers found that during VR versions of traditional balance tests, older adults generally acquired a cautious behaviour and took more time to complete the tasks. However, they tended to find them more enjoyable which could help encourage participants to stick to a rehabilitation programme.
Dr Soltani said: 鈥淥ur review shows this technology has great potential, however there is a lot of work to do before it can be used widely in rehabilitation.
鈥淲e need to check parameters such as altering frame rate, find which scenarios are most effective, and also reduce the problems some users experience with motion sickness when using VR.鈥�
Whilst Covid19 has temporarily delayed plans to test the technology on volunteers, the researchers are now looking to recruit PhD students to define protocols and develop a robust system that can be tested by users later in the year.
Soltani, P., & Andrade, R. (2021). Frontiers in Sports And Active Living, 2, [531535]. DOI:10.3389/fspor.2020.531535.